Loved the from-first-principles approach. It rebuilt my intuition rather than just handing me formulas.

Mathematical Foundations for Machine Learning
The linear algebra, probability, and calculus that make ML work.
See the math behind machine learning as geometry and code: matrices as transformations, determinants and eigenvectors, probability and distributions, and the calculus of gradient descent. Every idea is built by hand and drawn out, ending in a neural network trained from scratch.
Read on your Kindle or e-reader
Download the EPUB and read offline — perfect for the train. Works on Kindle, Kobo, Apple Books & more.
00Why Math for Machine Learning3 capsules
Why Math for Machine Learning — 3 chapters.
01The Math Under the Modelintuitionfree12 min02How to Read This Bookconceptfree12 min03Vectors as Arrows and as Listsconcept🔒11 min01Linear Algebra as Transformations7 capsules
Linear Algebra as Transformations — 7 chapters.
04Linear Combinations and Spanconcept🔒10 min05The Dot Product, Two Waysmath🔒10 min06The Dot Product as a Linear Transformationdeep-dive🔒10 min07A Matrix Is a Transformationintuition🔒12 min08Matrix Multiplication as Compositionconcept🔒11 min09The Identity and the Inversemath🔒11 min10Transformations in 3Dconcept🔒12 min02Determinants and the Shape of Space5 capsules
Determinants and the Shape of Space — 5 chapters.
11What the Determinant Measuresintuition🔒12 min12Computing 2x2 and 3x3 Determinantsmath🔒10 min13Zero Determinant and Collapsedeep-dive🔒11 min14Eigenvalues and Eigenvectorsconcept🔒14 min15Eigen-Intuition and Why It Matters for MLintuition🔒11 min03Probability and Statistics Foundations5 capsules
Probability and Statistics Foundations — 5 chapters.
16Reasoning Under Uncertaintyconcept🔒12 min17Conditional Probability and Bayes' Rulemath🔒11 min18Random Variables and Expectationconcept🔒12 min19Variance, Standard Deviation, and Spreadmath🔒11 min20Covariance and Correlationdeep-dive🔒13 min04Probability Distributions5 capsules
Probability Distributions — 5 chapters.
21Distributions as Shapes of Chanceconcept🔒12 min22Bernoulli and Binomial Distributionsmath🔒11 min23The Normal Distributiondeep-dive🔒10 min24Likelihood and Maximum Likelihoodconcept🔒12 min25From Likelihood to Loss Functionsintuition🔒12 min05Python and Numerical Computing6 capsules
Python and Numerical Computing — 6 chapters.
26Python for Math: A Fast Startcode🔒11 min27Objects, Classes, and Building Blockscode🔒12 min28NumPy Arrays and Vectorizationcode🔒12 min29Linear Algebra in NumPycode🔒12 min30Pandas for Datacode🔒10 min31Visualizing Data and Distributionscode🔒11 min06Calculus and the Engine of Learning7 capsules
Calculus and the Engine of Learning — 7 chapters.
32Derivatives as Rates of Changeconcept🔒11 min33Integrals and the Area Under a Curvemath🔒12 min34Partial Derivatives and the Gradientconcept🔒11 min35The Chain Rule and Backpropagationdeep-dive🔒11 min36Gradient Descentconcept🔒12 min37Momentum and RMSPropmath🔒11 min38The Adam Optimizerdeep-dive🔒13 min07Putting It Together4 capsules
Putting It Together — 4 chapters.
39Deep Learning Libraries in Pythoncode🔒11 min40A Neuron from Scratchcode🔒10 min41A Neural Network from Scratchproject🔒13 min42The Math You Now Ownintuition🔒11 minRatings & reviews
1,107 readersBeautifully produced and genuinely deep. The reader experience makes it easy to keep going for hours.
Concise capsules I can finish over coffee, yet each one taught me something I actually use.